ArticleJournal of robotic surgery2026
Implementation of a robotic surgery program in Peru: a retrospective cohort study of case mix, perioperative outcomes, and predictors of operative time.
Article in Journal of robotic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Robotic-assisted surgery has transformed minimally invasive surgery worldwide, offering improved precision, visualization, and dexterity. However, evidence describing program implementation and perioperative outcomes in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. This study describes the initial institutional experience of a multidisciplinary robotic-assisted surgery program in Peru. A retrospective cohort study included consecutive adult patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery during the early implementation phase (December 1, 2024 to March 31, 2026) at a national referral center in Peru. Demographic, clinical, procedural, and perioperative outcomes were collected. Multivariable linear regression identified independent predictors of operative time. A total of 398 robotic-assisted procedures were analyzed. Mean age was 49.8 ± 17.2 years, and 68.2% of patients were female. Most procedures were performed for benign disease (64.8%), followed by malignancy (29.4%) and complex/reconstructive indications (3.8%). Cholecystectomy (18.1%) and hysterectomy (17.6%) were the most common procedures. Mean operative time was 236.8 ± 152.1 min. The conversion rate was 7.5%, postoperative complications occurred in 10.3% of patients, mean length of stay was 7.68 ± 8.17 days, 30-day readmission was 2.5%, and no postoperative mortality occurred. Increasing age (β = 0.85 min/year; p = 0.032), male sex (β = 52.3 min; p = 0.011), and higher ASA classification (β = 8.7 min/category; p < 0.001) independently predicted longer operative time. The model explained 54% of operative-time variability (R²=0.54). Early implementation of a multidisciplinary robotic-assisted surgery program in a Peruvian public referral hospital demonstrated broad procedural adoption, acceptable perioperative outcomes, and predictable variation in operative duration. These findings provide an implementation benchmark for robotic-assisted surgery in resource-limited healthcare systems.
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