Evidence mapPaperPMID 42498465Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Survival and predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events among patients with acute coronary syndrome in Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.

Gebremariam Wulie Geremew, Abaynesh Fentahun Bekalu, Gebresilassie Tadesse, Setegn Fentahun, Tirsit Ketsela Zeleke, Zemenu Wube Bayleyegn, Gashaw Sisay Chanie, Sisay Sitotaw Anberbr, Habtamu Semagne Ayele, Assefa Kebad Mengesha and 8 more

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Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Gebremariam Wulie GeremewDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia gebremariamwulie23@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-6691-8568
Abaynesh Fentahun BekaluDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Gebresilassie TadesseDepartement of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-4599-9054
Setegn FentahunDepartement of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Tirsit Ketsela ZelekeDepartment of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3528-0703
Zemenu Wube BayleyegnDepartment of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Gashaw Sisay ChanieDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9585-4196
Sisay Sitotaw AnberbrDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Habtamu Semagne AyeleDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Assefa Kebad MengeshaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Demis GetachewDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Leul Dejene AbateSchool of Medicine, College of Health Science, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia.
Abera Girma BeyenaSchool of Medicine, Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Arsi University, Assela, Ethiopia.
Yonatan Tsetadirgachew LegesseSchool of Medicine, Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Arsi University, Assela, Ethiopia.
Gelgela Gadisa AtomsaSchool of Medicine, College of Health Science, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia.
Mulat Alemu BeshadaSchool of Medicine, College of Health Science, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia.
Tesfaye Birhanu AbebeSchool of Medicine, College of Health Science, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia.
Tekletsadik Tekleslassie AlemayehuDepartment of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo determine the time to major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and identify its predictors among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) discharged on secondary prevention medications in Ethiopia.

designInstitution-based retrospective cohort study.

settingUniversity of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia.

participantsA total of 400 adult patients diagnosed with ACS and discharged with secondary prevention medications between January 2020 and December 2024. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was time to first MACE, defined as reinfarction, stroke or heart failure, measured in years from hospital discharge. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was fitted to identify predictors of time to develop MACE. Data collected from patient medical charts were exported to STATA V.17 for analysis. The log-rank test was used to determine the survival difference between subgroups of participants.

resultsDuring follow-up, 33.8% of patients experienced at least one MACE. The median time to MACE was 1.5 years. Female sex (adjusted HR (AHR)=2.08; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.49), presence of chronic comorbidities (AHR=2.09; 95% CI 1.42 to 4.41) and higher Killip class (IV vs I: AHR=1.57; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.78) were independently associated with a shorter time to MACE. Patients aged ≤55 years had a lower risk of MACE compared with those aged ≥66 years (AHR=0.77; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.98).

conclusionsAmong patients with ACS discharged on secondary prevention medications, one-third experienced MACE within a median of 1.5 years. Older age, female sex, presence of comorbidities and higher Killip class were significant predictors of shorter time to MACE. These findings highlight the need for targeted postdischarge monitoring and secondary prevention strategies, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Indexed as

Acute Coronary SyndromeHeart FailureStrokeAdultAgedComorbidityEthiopiaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSecondary PreventionAngina PectorisCoronary heart diseaseEthiopiaMyocardial infarction

Identifiers

PMID42498465
PMCPMC13404630

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.