B chromosomes put the 'super' in supernumerary.

Kaylah B Samuelson, Stacey L Hanlon

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Trends in genetics : TIG, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Kaylah B SamuelsonGenetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

Stacey L HanlonGenetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. Electronic address: stacey.hanlon@uconn.edu.

Funding

Investigating supernumerary chromosome biology using the B chromosome model systemR35GM155057 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI STACEY L HANLON · 2024 to 2026

$1.2M

NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM155057

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In addition to the essential set of chromosomes, individuals can carry supernumerary chromosomes that are not required for normal growth, development, or reproduction. Collectively, these extra chromosomes are called B chromosomes, and modern advances in genomic and cytological technology have accelerated our understanding of their fascinating biology. Here, we provide a brief history of B chromosome research, followed by an examination of their formation and dynamics. We conclude with an outlook on what the novel biology of B chromosomes can teach us and how it can be exploited as important tools for biotechnology, agriculture, and the advancement of human health.

Indexed as

B chromosomeschromosome dynamicschromosome evolutiondriveselfish genetic element

Identifiers

PMID42498533

DOI10.1016/j.tig.2026.07.002

PMCPMC13472202

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.