ArticleLight, science & applications2026
Substrate-free generation of photosensitizer radical-ion pairs enables multipath photoredox for hypoxia-tolerant photodynamic therapy.
Article in Light, science & applications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is fundamentally limited by inefficient conversion of photoexcited energy into reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially in hypoxic pathological tissues. Photogenerated radical-ion pairs (PS⁺•/PS⁻•) from photosensitizer could overcome this limitation by broadening photoredox diversity for hypoxia-tolerant ROS production. However, conventional substrate-dependent mechanism typically generates only one radical species, limiting both photoredox diversity and overall ROS production. Here we demonstrate a substrate-free mechanism via noncovalent homodimer fission for efficient generation of PS⁺•/PS⁻• pairs from water-soluble DB-Py, unlocking multipath photoredox for hypoxia-tolerant PDT. Spectroscopic studies and calculations provide experimental evidence for homodimer formation via noncovalent interactions between a photoexcited triplet-state and a ground-state molecule, followed by fission into abundant PS⁺•/PS⁻• pairs. The resulting PS⁺• oxidizes water to generate O
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