ArticleScientific reports2026
The link between diabetes and male infertility: mechanisms and implications.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing global health crisis affecting male reproductive function, yet the enhanced combined effects of diabetes with pre-existing fertility abnormalities remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the individual and combined effects of diabetes and abnormal semen parameters on male reproductive function and the underlying apoptotic mechanisms. Thirty-nine men were enrolled and stratified into two phases: a validation cohort (nondiabetic vs. diabetic; fertile vs. abnormally infertile) and a four-group mechanistic study (normal nondiabetic (n = 10), abnormal nondiabetic (n = 11), normal diabetic (n = 10), and abnormal diabetic (n = 8)). We assessed HbA1c, FSH, LH, testosterone, semen parameters, sperm apoptosis (Annexin V/PI flow cytometry), DNA fragmentation (diphenylamine), and expression of apoptotic markers (caspase-3, cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2) at gene and protein levels. Diabetic patients had significantly higher HbA1c (9.6 ± 2.31% vs. 5.49 ± 0.42%, p < 0.001), elevated FSH and LH, and reduced testosterone. Abnormal infertile patients showed impaired motility and morphology. The abnormal diabetic group had the most severe dysfunction: lowest rapid progressive motility (11.3 ± 3.10%, p < 0.001 vs. control) and highest early apoptosis (58.9 ± 8.79%, p < 0.0001). Protein analysis showed a pro-apoptotic shift with an elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (3.64), increased cytochrome-c, and caspase-3 activation exclusively in this group (p < 0.0001). Diabetes and abnormal semen parameters exert enhanced combined detrimental effects on male fertility via enhanced activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Diabetic men with pre-existing fertility abnormalities exhibit the most severe phenotype and require prioritized clinical intervention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.