Evidence mapPaperPMID 42498937Full record

SynthesisThe journal of headache and pain2026

Interictal burden in migraine: a systematic review of conceptual domains and measurement properties of instruments.

Cornelius Angerhöfer, Yutaro Fuse, Samuel Van Langenhove, Thomas Canning, Alice C von Alvensleben, Sheharyar Ahmad, Ane Murillo, Laia Boada, Maria M Roque, Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink and 2 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The journal of headache and pain, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Cornelius Angerhöfer *Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. cornelius.angerhoefer@charite.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-4268-6708
Yutaro Fuse *Department of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
Samuel Van LangenhoveDepartment of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Thomas CanningDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
Alice C von AlvenslebenInstitute of Public Health (IPH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Sheharyar AhmadDepartment of Psychology, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
Ane MurilloNeurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
Laia BoadaNeurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
Maria M RoqueNeurology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, ULS Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal.
Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink *Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Christian Lampl *Hospital Barmherzige Brüder Linz, Linz, Austria.
European Headache Federation School of Advanced Studies (EHF-SAS)

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMigraine imposes significant burden not only during acute attacks but also during headache-free interictal periods. Several patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been used to assess this interictal burden, yet the quality of their measurement properties has not been systematically evaluated.

objectivesTo identify instruments used to assess interictal burden in migraine, evaluate their measurement properties using the COSMIN methodology, and synthesize the conceptual domains of interictal burden.

methodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection was conducted from database inception to 20 February 2026. Studies evaluating measurement properties of PROMs assessing interictal burden or migraine impact in migraine populations were eligible. The COSMIN risk-of-bias checklist and criteria for good measurement properties were applied. Findings were synthesized in accordance with PRISMA 2020.

resultsAmong 29 included studies, three instruments were identified: the Migraine Interictal Burden Scale-4 (MIBS-4; 26 studies), the Eurolight questionnaire (1 study), and the Fear of Attacks Inventory (FAMI; 2 studies). Seven conceptual domains of interictal burden were identified: functional impairment, social and relational impact, psychological and emotional distress, cognitive dysfunction, sensory symptoms, physical symptoms, and behavioral modifications. Evidence of measurement properties was concentrated in construct validity (19 studies) and responsiveness (8 studies). Structural validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and content validity were sparsely evaluated. The MIBS-4 demonstrated consistent convergent and known-groups validity and sensitivity to change across preventive therapies, including CGRP-targeted treatments and onabotulinumtoxinA.

conclusionsThe MIBS-4 is the most widely used instrument for assessing interictal burden. Despite encouraging evidence of construct validity and responsiveness, comprehensive psychometric studies addressing content and structural validity, reliability, and measurement error, alongside conceptual work towards broader interictal burden assessment, are needed. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD420261296323; Clinical trial number: not applicable.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessMigraine DisordersPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresHumansPsychometricsSymptom BurdenCOSMINInterictal burdenMigrainePatient-reported outcome measuresPsychometric properties

Identifiers

PMID42498937
PMCPMC13401311

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.