Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42499038›Full record

ArticleMedicine2026

Exploring the threshold association between cardiometabolic index and cognitive function in U.S. adults aged ≥ 60 years.

Ying Liu, Qian Hu, Qin Li, Tao Sun, Shao Yin, Fengya Zhu, Yun Liao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ying LiuDepartment of Rehabilitation, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China.
Qian HuDepartment of Rehabilitation, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China.
Qin LiPediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Tao SunSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Shao YinSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Fengya ZhuZigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China.
Yun LiaoDepartment of Rehabilitation, Sichuan Jiao Tong Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.ORCID 0009-0000-4722-7462

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiometabolic index (CMI) reflects visceral fat accumulation and lipid metabolism and has been linked to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Its association with cognitive function in older adults remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between CMI and global cognitive performance in a nationally representative sample of United States adults aged 60 years and older. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 data (n = 1326). CMI was analyzed both as a continuous variable and by quartiles (Q1-Q4). Survey-weighted linear regression models examined associations with global cognitive function (GCF), adjusting sequentially for demographics (ModelI) and full covariates (ModelII). Threshold effects and smoothing curves explored nonlinear links. Interaction tests and subgroup analyses evaluated effect modification by diabetes status. In the minimally adjusted model, higher continuous CMI was associated with lower GCF (β = -2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.58--0.35; P = .0318), but this association was not significant after full adjustment (β = -0.56, 95% CI: 2.49-1.36; P = .5807). When using quartiles, a negative trend was observed in the crude (P for trend = .0392) and minimally adjusted models (P for trend = .0166) but not in the fully adjusted model (P for trend = .4825). Nonlinear analysis identified an inflection at CMI = 0.16 for digit symbol substitution test (β = 142.74, 95% CI: 70.18-215.30; P < .001) and GCF (β = 173.67, 95% CI: 77.01-270.32; P < .001). Diabetes status significantly modified the CMI-GCF relationship (P for interaction = .035). CMI is negatively associated with cognitive function in older adults. These findings suggest that higher CMI may indicate a greater risk of cognitive decline.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCognitionAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysUnited StatesCMIcognitive functioncross-sectional studyolder adults

Identifiers

PMID42499038
PMCPMC13406118

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.