Evidence mapPaperPMID 42499121Full record

ArticleMedicine2026

Performance of DeepSeek V3 and ChatGPT-4o in answering esophageal cancer-related questions.

Qian Yang, Jing Yi, Anran Gong, Yanyan Li, Qingyan Feng, Aiyan Fu, Jiangtao Li, Yunkai Zhan

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Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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8 authors.

Qian YangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
Jing YiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
Anran GongDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
Yanyan LiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
Qingyan FengDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
Aiyan FuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
Jiangtao LiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
Yunkai ZhanDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.ORCID 0009-0009-9182-6492

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Esophageal cancer remains a significant global health issue. ChatGPT-4o and DeepSeek V3 can provide the public with health-related knowledge about esophageal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of DeepSeek V3 and ChatGPT-4o in responding to health knowledge questions related to esophageal cancer. Fifty-two questions related to esophageal cancer were classified into themes of basic knowledge, diagnosis and molecular biology, management of local and locoregional diseases, management of advanced and metastatic diseases, clinical case analysis and patient frequently asked questions (FAQs). These questions were entered into DeepSeek V3 and ChatGPT-4o to obtain responses, and 2 experienced gastroenterologists independently evaluated the accuracy and temporal stability of each response. Overall, the scores of DeepSeek V3 and ChatGPT-4o on all questions were 4 (3-4), and there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. The final scores of DeepSeek V3 in basic knowledge, diagnosis and molecular biology, management of local and locoregional diseases, management of advanced and metastatic diseases, clinical case analysis, and FAQs were 4 (3-4), 4 (3-4), 4 (3-4), 3 (3-4), 4 (4-4), and 4 (4-4), respectively, while the scores of ChatGPT-4o were 4 (3-4), 3 (2-4), 4 (3-4), 3 (3-4), 4 (4-4), and 4 (4-4), respectively. For temporal stability across 2 independent test runs, DeepSeek V3 presented inconsistent responses on 2 questions, and ChatGPT-4o on 1 question; no statistically significant differences were found in overall and subgroup scores between the 2 runs for both models (all P > .05). ChatGPT-4o and DeepSeek V3 showed favorable accuracy and comprehensive responses to most of the 52 esophageal cancer-related questions in this study, but our findings do not confirm their general reliability for esophageal cancer health information in routine clinical or public use.

Indexed as

Esophageal NeoplasmsHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansLarge Language ModelsSurveys and QuestionnairesChatGPT-4oDeepSeek V3esophageal cancerhealth knowledge

Identifiers

PMID42499121
PMCPMC13406192

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.