ArticleAnnals of medicine2026
Oocyte maturation and pregnancy outcomes in relation to gonadotropin duration in antagonist cycles.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveGonadotropin (Gn) stimulation duration is a modifiable factor in antagonist protocols, yet its association with oocyte maturation and pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether Gn duration is independently associated with oocyte maturation and pregnancy outcomes after controlling for key confounders and to identify an optimal Gn window in GnRH antagonist cycles with fresh embryo transfer.
methodsThis retrospective study included 9372 GnRH antagonist cycles at Xiangya Hospital. Multivariable regression models adjusting for confounders were used to assess the associations of Gn duration with oocyte maturation and pregnancy outcomes. Subgroup analyses were stratified by ovarian response. Generalized additive models were employed to identify nonlinear trends, followed by segmented and LOESS regression to determine the optimal duration.
resultsAfter comprehensive adjustment, Gn duration maintained a significant nonlinear association with oocyte maturation (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.09,
conclusionIn GnRH antagonist cycles, Gn duration is associated with oocyte maturation and pregnancy outcomes following fresh embryo transfer, even after adjusting for key confounders. The 8-10 day Gn window represents a range associated with the highest likelihood of clinical pregnancy and live birth. These findings support prioritizing dynamic, response-adapted stimulation protocols aimed at achieving trigger criteria within this window, rather than adhering to fixed duration targets.
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