Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42500571›Full record

ReviewOncology research2026

Epigenetic Modulators and Immunotherapy in Malignant Melanoma.

Ioannis Anestopoulos, Sotiris Kyriakou, Maria Deligiorgi, Dimitrios T Trafalis, Sotiris Botaitis, Rodrigo Franco, Aglaia Pappa, Mihalis I Panayiotidis

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Oncology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ioannis AnestopoulosDepartment of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, the Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Sotiris KyriakouDepartment of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, the Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Maria DeligiorgiLaboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Dimitrios T TrafalisLaboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Sotiris BotaitisDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Rodrigo FrancoSchool of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Aglaia PappaDepartment of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Mihalis I PanayiotidisDepartment of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the use of targeted and/or immune-based therapeutic approaches, mortality rates among melanoma patients are high, mainly due to drug-induced resistance mechanisms. In parallel, alterations of epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., deregulated patterns of DNA methylation, aberrant histone modifications and abnormal expression levels of non-coding RNAs [ncRNAs]) have been associated not only with the pathophysiology of melanoma but also with the resistance against various immunotherapeutic drugs. In this review article, we discuss the involvement of different types of epigenetic mechanisms in melanoma progression. In addition, we report on melanoma's immune environment and immunosuppressive mechanisms while we highlight the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as an anti-melanoma therapeutic approach. Moreover, we describe the underlying mechanism(s) by which deregulated epigenetic patterns promote drug resistance against ICIs and how epigenetic drugs (utilized either alone or in combination with various ICIs) can reverse immune resistance. Furthermore, we discuss the major limitations and future directions towards clinical translation of epigenetic drugs, mainly in combination with ICIs. Finally, we state the potential use of emerging technologies (e.g., single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics), along with epigenetic priming for improvement of clinical implementation and therapeutic outcomes in melanoma management.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticImmunotherapyMelanomaAnimalsDNA MethylationDrug Resistance, NeoplasmGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsDNA methyltransferase inhibitorsepigeneticsHistone Deacetylase inhibitorsimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapyMalignant melanoma

Identifiers

PMID42500571
PMCPMC13397337

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.