SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Advancing precision immunotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of first-line ICI-based combinations.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an extremely poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy has shown limited efficacy in PDAC, whereas the potential clinical value of first-line ICI-based combination regimens remains unclear. Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line ICI-based combination regimens in advanced PDAC. Methods: PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and CBM were searched up to April 4, 2026, to identify clinical studies evaluating first-line ICI-based combination therapy for advanced PDAC. Study screening and data extraction were performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results: Eight clinical trials involving 379 patients were included. In RCT-only analyses, ICI-based combination regimens showed favorable but statistically non-definitive trends for OS (HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.65-1.06) and PFS (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.53-1.05), while ORR was improved (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.32-3.64). Single-arm pooled analysis showed a median PFS of 6.2 months and an ORR of 38.0%. In terms of safety, combination therapy increased the risk of specific Grade 3 or higher adverse events, but the overall incidence was clinically manageable. Conclusion: First-line ICI-based combination regimens showed encouraging antitumor activity in advanced PDAC, particularly for radiological response. However, definitive survival benefits were not established in RCT-only analyses, and further large-scale randomized trials are needed. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261440306, identifier CRD420261440306.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.