ArticleJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases2026
Key risk factors for pulmonary vs. extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a comparative study in Southwest Ethiopia.
Article in Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The intricate interplay of biological factors, living conditions, behaviors, co-morbidities like diabetes and HIV influences tuberculosis (TB) risk. In this study, those critical factors were identified to address gaps in understanding and improve prevention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted across three zones to identify key risk factors for active TB. Diagnosis was based on smear microscopy, GeneXpert, clinical evaluation, and X-ray findings. A multistage sampling method was used, with a target of 384 participants from each zone, but due to inconsistencies, 410 were consecutively enrolled: 358 (87.3%) from Bench-Sheko, 23 (5.6%) from Sheka, and 29 (7.1%) from Kaffa.Data were collected through structured interviews and record reviews from December 2018 to June 2020 and analyzed using Stata. Results: The study included 410 TB patients (55% male, mean age 27.7 ± 11.4 yrs.). Most (99.3%) were newly diagnosed, with PTB (80%), EPTB (19.3%), and both (0.7%). Concrete housing raised PTB (OR = 37.92) and lowered EPTB (OR = 0.03). Corrugated housing raised PTB (OR = 2.04) and lowered EPTB (OR = 0.491). Houses with 1-3 windows lowered PTB, raised EPTB. Separate bedrooms raised PTB (24.2%) and lowered EPTB (19.5%). Charcoal use lowered PTB (81.4%) and raised EPTB (OR = 5.39). Gas, electricity, and cohabitation reduced PTB odds (OR = 0.40, OR = 0.05, OR = 0.450) but increased EPTB odds (OR = 2.50, OR = 21.1, OR = 2.22, respectively). Raw milk reduced PTB odds (OR = 0.51) and increased EPTB odds (OR = 1.96, both Conclusions: The findings revealed that housing, environment, and lifestyle influenced PTB and EPTB risks, with mixed and contrasting effects, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
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