Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42500752›Full record

ArticleCureus2026

Re-evaluating the Role of Whole Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in the Immunotherapy Era: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Patrick Forster

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Patrick ForsterOncology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, GBR.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe role of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases is increasingly debated in the era of immunotherapy, with much research suggesting that its use provides little benefit for this cohort of patients.

methodsA retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with NSCLC and brain metastases (2017-2020, n=147). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression were performed, and a two-tailed p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

resultsMedian survival was 9.7 months, with average survival being 15.9 months from the time of diagnosis. Patients who received immunotherapy lived for 31.5 months, while those who did not lived for 14.7 months. Patients who received WBRT + immunotherapy lived an average of 19.5 months, and those who received WBRT lived an average of 10.2 months. Immunotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) 0.48, p<0.001) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) (HR 0.62, p<0.001) were independently associated with improved survival. WBRT alone was associated with poorer outcomes.

conclusionWBRT alone provides limited benefit; immunotherapy and SRS improve survival and should be prioritized in future clinical practice.

Indexed as

brain tumors (primary or brain metastases)cancer immunotherapyneurologic complications of cancer or immunotherapy (car-t)non-small cell lung carcinoma (nsclc)sterotatic radiotherapywhole brain radiotherapy

Identifiers

PMID42500752
PMCPMC13396687

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.