Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42501080›Full record

ReviewAntonie van Leeuwenhoek2026

Bacterial immune systems.

Hamra Sude Gençoğlu, Esra Aydemir, Furkan Ayaz

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hamra Sude GençoğluDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey.
Esra AydemirDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey. esra.aydemir81@gmail.com.
Furkan AyazDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey. furkan1998ayaz@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-0594

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial immune systems encompass the multi-layered defense mechanisms that bacteria develop against bacteriophages and mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids. This review covers bacterial innate defense systems (surface defenses, superinfection exclusion, restriction-modification, abortive infection, and toxin-antitoxin systems), CRISPR-Cas-mediated adaptive immunity, and the escape strategies used by phages to overcome these defenses (genome modifications, anti-restriction proteins, and anti-CRISPR factors). Emerging evidence also highlights the role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in anti-phage defense and their translational potential as vaccine and delivery platforms. In this context, a better understanding of bacterial defense systems contributes to the development of biotechnology and medical applications such as CRISPR technologies, diagnostic approaches, and phage therapy.

Indexed as

BacteriaAdaptive ImmunityBacteriophagesCRISPR-Cas SystemsImmunity, InnateAbortive infectionAnti-CRISPR proteinsBacterial immunityBacteriophageCRISPR-Cas systemsOuter membrane vesiclesPhage resistanceRestriction-modification systemsToxin-antitoxin systems

Identifiers

PMID42501080

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.