ReviewClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2026
Vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a time-to-event meta-analysis of phase II and III randomized controlled trials.
Review in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundGlioblastoma remains highly lethal despite current standards, driving interest in vaccine-based immunotherapy to improve survival. Given variability in outcomes and uncertainty regarding optimal vaccine platforms, we conducted a time-to-event meta-analysis.
methodsWe conducted a database search for head-to-head phase II and III trials published through July 9, 2025, that assessed vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy in adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Pseudo-individual data were digitized and reconstructed with the IPDfromKM method from survival curves. Primary endpoints of this study were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD420251231284.
resultsInitial search yielded 1248 articles, of which 5 randomized trials (696 patients: 358 vaccine and 338 control) met inclusion. Mean age ranged from 56.6-61.6 years, and 53.7% of participants had a Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 90. In the primary analysis, vaccination did not significantly reduce the risk of death (HR 0.95; 95%CI 0.81-1.13) or disease progression (HR 0.96; 95%CI 0.82-1.12). In subgroup analyses, patients who underwent gross total resection and received vaccinations had improved OS compared with similarly resected controls (HR 0.50; 95%CI 0.31-0.81), and dendritic cell vaccines were associated with a PFS advantage (HR 0.73; 95%CI 0.56-0.96).
conclusionIn this study, vaccinations did not significantly improve survival in adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Gross total resection, however, seems to be associated with OS benefit of vaccinations. There is a need for more head-to-head clinical trials to supplement the available evidence.
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Registered trials
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