ArticlePsychology research and behavior management2026
Bedtime Procrastination and Attention as Serial Mediators Between Premenstrual Syndrome and Test Anxiety in Nursing College Students: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Psychology research and behavior management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Based on the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS), this study aimed to examine the relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and test anxiety among nursing college students, and to explore the serial mediating roles of bedtime procrastination and attention in this association. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted among 791 female nursing students from eight medical and health vocational colleges in China. Participants completed the General Information Questionnaire, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PSS), Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Multi-Dimensional Attention Rating Scale (MARS), and Test Anxiety Scale (TAS). Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and structural equation modeling with 5,000 bootstrap resamples were performed. Results: Mean scores of PSS, BPS, MARS, and TAS were 6.26±4.85, 27.38 ± 6.022, 35.91±4.47, and 18.42±7.96, respectively. PMS was positively associated with bedtime procrastination and test anxiety and negatively associated with attention (all P<0.001). Multiple linear regression identified bottled drink intake frequency, menstrual cycle, thinking/feeling personality type, only-child status, PMS, bedtime procrastination, and attention as significant predictors of test anxiety (P<0.05). Structural equation modeling showed that PMS had a significant direct effect on test anxiety (β=0.20, 95% CI: 0.12-0.28). Bedtime procrastination and attention significantly mediated this association, including a serial mediation pathway (β=0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.06). The total indirect effect accounted for 50% of the total effect. Conclusion: PMS was associated with test anxiety among nursing students, both directly and indirectly through the serial mediating roles of bedtime procrastination and attention. Within the TOUS framework, these findings advance understanding of the physiological-behavioral-cognitive pathway underlying test anxiety and suggest potential intervention targets for improving mental health among nursing students.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.