Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42503706›Full record

Observational studyPediatric obesity2026

Persistent Food Insecurity and Overweight/Obesity Risk in Offspring of Individuals With Gestational Diabetes.

Keally Haushalter, Jaimie N Davis, Yeyi Zhu, Joan C Lo, Erin A Hudson, Alexis King, Louise Greenspan, Jami Josefson, Erica P Gunderson

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Pediatric obesity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Keally HaushalterDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8135-7440
Jaimie N DavisDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Yeyi ZhuDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Joan C LoDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Erin A HudsonDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
Alexis KingDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Louise GreenspanThe Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jami JosefsonLurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0339-0166
Erica P GundersonDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.

Funding

Fetal and Early Postnatal Influences on Child Metabolic Health After Gestational DiabetesR01DK122700 · NIDDK · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI GUNDERSON, ERICA PAULINE · 2020 to 2024
$3.4M
Lactation and Glucose Tolerance After GDM PregnancyR01HD050625 · NICHD · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI GUNDERSON, ERICA PAULINE · 2007 to 2011
$3.1M
Infant Temperament and Early Infant Growth and Child Overweight in GDM OffspringR21DK103171 · NIDDK · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI GUNDERSON, ERICA PAULINE · 2014 to 2015
$420k
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R01HD050625NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD050625NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK11840NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK122700NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK122700NIDDK NIH HHS R21 DK103171NIDDK NIH HHS R21DK103171
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAssess how changes in food insecurity in the first 2 years of life are associated with overweight and obesity among children 6-11 years old born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

methodsThis secondary analysis utilised data from the Study of Women, Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after GDM pregnancy, a prospective cohort of 1033 mother-child dyads. Food insecurity was assessed 6-9 weeks, 1 year and 2 years postpartum. Children were categorized as having persistent food security (food secure all visits), persistent food insecurity (food insecure all visits), or transient food insecurity (experienced both food security and insecurity). Overweight, obesity and severe obesity were classified using height and weight at 6-11 years old. Linear and logistic regressions estimated the relationship between food insecurity groups and BMI percentile, overweight, obesity and severe obesity.

resultsAmong 748 youth, 72% had persistent food security, 18% had transient food insecurity and 10% had persistent food insecurity. Compared to those with persistent food security, those with persistent food insecurity had higher odds of overweight (aOR = 2.81, [1.36, 5.80]), obesity (aOR = 2.17, [1.05, 4.47]) and severe obesity (aOR = 2.62, [1.02, 6.74]) (p < 0.05).

conclusionsScreening and addressing food insecurity during early childhood may help identify children at risk for overweight, obesity and severe obesity among children exposed to GDM.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT019967030.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalFood InsecurityOverweightPediatric ObesityPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsAdultBody Mass IndexChildFemaleFood SupplyHumansInfantMalePregnancyProspective StudiesRisk Factors“food insecurity”“gestational diabetes”“longitudinal”“obesity”

Identifiers

PMID42503706
PMCPMC13402765

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.