ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Effect of Pre-Vulcanization Time on Structure and Thermal Insulation of Natural Rubber Latex/Silica Aerogel Composites.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Polymer/Silica aerogel (SA) composites improve mechanical properties strategically, but the mixing process disrupts the aerogel's structure, reducing its efficiency due to polymer chains filling the pores. Pre-vulcanized natural rubber latex (PVNRL) with a higher crosslink density can strain the moving chains, thereby preserving the SA-porous structure in the bulk composite for thermal insulation materials. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PVNRL pre-vulcanization time and SA-immersion time in PVNRL. For PVNRL/SA composite preparation, various PVNRL, from 0 days to 8 days of pre-vulcanization time, were mixed with a fixed SA content of 20 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) using a latex compounding method. Subsequently, the PVNRL/SA slurries were cast on glass plates with 0, 3, and 6 days to obtain the PVNRL/SA composite. Considering the effect of pre-vulcanization time, the crosslink density of the composite increased and revealed a peak at PVNRL/SA with 8-day PVNRL by 7.277 ± 0.881 μmol g-1, corresponding to the closest percentage of pore area in the SA's structure to the pristine SA, and eventually a 42.41% lower thermal conductivity than the PVNRL/SA with 0-day PVNRL exhibited. In addition, the thermal conductivity increased more slowly over immersion time with the presence of 8-day PVNRL. The proposed correlation states that increasing the pre-vulcanization improves the thermal insulation performance of PVNRL/SA composites, emphasizing the reduction of filled SA's pore with unvulcanized NR chains. Furthermore, the PVNRL/SA composite with 8-day PVNRL maintains thermal stability at 387.3 °C, and can be flexed at room temperature. These fascinating discoveries may be advantageous for further applications related to thin-film and flexible thermal insulation materials.
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