Optimized melanin production from marine-associated Bacillus sp. EGY7 as a sustainable precursor of carbon dots for biomedical applications.

Hadeer Ali, Labiba El-Kohordagui, Ahmed Hussein, Sherif Hammad, Nefertiti El-Nikhely, Nehad Noby

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Bioresources and bioprocessing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hadeer AliBiotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. igsr.hadeerali@alexu.edu.eg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5708-5741

Labiba El-KohordaguiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Ahmed HusseinBiotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Sherif HammadPharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University (formerly Helwan University), Cairo, 11795, Egypt.

Nefertiti El-NikhelyBiotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Nehad NobyBiotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Melanin, a multifunctional biopigment with photoprotective, antioxidant, and therapeutic properties, is limited by scarce sustainable sources and poor aqueous solubility. In this study, melanin production from a newly isolated marine-associated Bacillus sp. EGY7 was optimized using a Box-Behnken design, achieving a yield of 0.208 g/L. The microbial melanin was subsequently hydrothermally converted into water-dispersible melanin-derived carbon dots (MCDs) with quasi-spherical morphology, particle size of 9-15 nm, and a quantum yield of 5.05 ± 0.31%. The MCDs exhibit strong UV absorption, tunable and often excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL), high photostability, and environment-sensitive fluorescence governed by their core-shell structure and surface functional groups. MCDs exhibited moderate antioxidant activity and high cytocompatibility, maintaining > 70% viability in human skin fibroblasts. Compared with native melanin, MCDs demonstrated enhanced selective cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (IC

Indexed as

Box–Behnken designCytocompatibilityIn silico bioactivityMarine-associated Bacillus spMelanin carbon dotsMicrobial melaninSelective anticancer activity

Identifiers

PMID42507272

DOI10.1186/s40643-026-01100-w

PMCPMC13407830

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.