Evidence mapPaperPMID 42507286Full record

ReviewInternational urology and nephrology2026

Impact of creatine supplementation on kidney health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Artur de Souza Almeida, Leonardo Olimpio Dias da Silva, Bianca Namie Abe Takahasi, Bruno Damico Terada, Felipe Giraldo Alvarez Gonçalves, Breno Cordeiro Porto, Rodrigo Afonso da Silva Sardenberg, Carlo Camargo Passerotti, Ronaldo Soares Maia, Farid Samaan and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Review in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Artur de Souza AlmeidaDepartment of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Leonardo Olimpio Dias da SilvaDepartment of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Bianca Namie Abe TakahasiDepartment of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Bruno Damico TeradaDepartment of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Felipe Giraldo Alvarez GonçalvesDepartment of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Breno Cordeiro PortoResearch Institute, Hapvida NotreDame, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Rodrigo Afonso da Silva SardenbergResearch Institute, Hapvida NotreDame, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Carlo Camargo PasserottiDepartment of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Ronaldo Soares MaiaDepartment of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Farid SamaanResearch Institute, Hapvida NotreDame, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Maxton ThomanDepartment of Urology, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Wilson R MolinaDepartment of Urology, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA.
Jose Arnaldo Shiomi da CruzDepartment of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil. arnaldoshiomi@yahoo.com.br.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4203-3196

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo evaluate the safety of creatine supplementation on kidney health in healthy individuals and patients with CKD.

methodsThe MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for RCTs from inception to March 2025. Studies comparing creatine supplementation with placebo in human subjects that assessed kidney health parameters were selected by 2 independent reviewers following PRISMA guidelines. A random-effects model was used to pool mean differences with 95% CI. The primary outcome was serum creatinine level. Secondary outcomes included GFR assessed by creatinine-based methods and by Cr-EDTA, serum urea, albuminuria, proteinuria, and urinary creatinine.

resultsTwenty-six studies (1036 participants) were included. Creatine supplementation was associated with a significant increase in serum creatinine levels (MD, 0.14 mg/dL; 95% CI 0.05-0.22; P = .002; I

conclusionsCreatine supplementation is associated with increased serum creatinine levels and reduced glomerular filtration rate estimated by creatinine-based methods in healthy individuals and patients with chronic kidney disease. These findings likely reflect altered creatinine metabolism rather than kidney injury, given the absence of changes when assessed using Cr-EDTA. TRAIL REGISTRY: CRD420251015042.

Indexed as

Creatine supplementationGlomerular filtration rateHemodialysisKidney healthSerum creatinine

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.