Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42508403›Full record

ArticleCell genomics2026

On the ancestry and evolution of the extinct dire wolf.

Gregory L Gedman, Kathleen Morrill Pirovich, Jonas Oppenheimer, Chaz Hyseni, Molly Cassatt-Johnstone, Alexander G Lucaci, Nicolas Alexandre, William Troy, J Chris Chao, Olivier Fedrigo and 30 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell genomics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors.

Gregory L GedmanColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA; Form Bio, Dallas, TX, USA.
Kathleen Morrill PirovichColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
Jonas OppenheimerColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Chaz HyseniColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
Molly Cassatt-JohnstoneDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Alexander G LucaciDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Nicolas AlexandreColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
William TroyForm Bio, Dallas, TX, USA.
J Chris ChaoColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
Olivier FedrigoColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
Savannah J HoytInstitute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Patrick G S GradyColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA; Form Bio, Dallas, TX, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Sam SaccoDepartment of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
William SeligmannDepartment of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Ayusman DashColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
Mithil ChokshiColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
Laura KnechtColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
James B PapizanColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
Tyler MiyawakiColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
Sven BocklandtColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
James KelherColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
Sara OrdColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
Shyam GopalakrishnanCenter for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Audrey T LinRichard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA; Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
Brandon R PeecookIdaho Museum of Natural History & Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA.
Angela PerriChronicle Heritage, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Mikkel-Holger S SindingDepartment of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Greger LarsonPalaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Julie MeachenAnatomy Department, Des Moines University, West Des Moines, IA, USA.
Love DalénDepartment of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
Bridgett vonHoldtDepartment of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
M Thomas P GilbertCenter for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; University Museum, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
Christopher E MasonDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Rachel J O'NeillInstitute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Elinor K KarlssonBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Brandi L CantarelForm Bio, Dallas, TX, USA.
George R R MartinFevre River Packet Co, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
George ChurchColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Wyss Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Ben LammColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA.
Beth ShapiroColossal Biosciences, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. Electronic address: beth@colossal.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dire wolves (Aenocyon dirus) are extinct predators of Pleistocene North America. Although phenotypically similar to living wolves (Canis lupus), dire wolves have yet to be placed confidently in the canid family tree. We generated 3.4× and 12.8× paleogenomes from two well-preserved dire wolves dating to >13,000 and >72,000 years ago and estimated consensus species trees for these and 10 canid species. Our results revealed that ∼2/3 of dire wolf ancestry is most likely derived from a lineage sister to the clade comprising the gray wolf, coyote, and dhole and the remaining ∼1/3 from a lineage near the base of Canini diversity. Our results underscore the power of paleogenomes to resolve long-standing taxonomic questions and contribute to growing evidence of the role of post-speciation gene flow as an evolutionary force.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionEvolution, MolecularExtinction, BiologicalWolvesAnimalsGene FlowPhylogenyadmixtureancient DNAcaniddire wolfevolutionpaleogenomicspangenomics

Identifiers

PMID42508403
PMCPMC13477035

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.