Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42508761›Full record

ReviewAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2026

Human Milk as a Model for Next-Generation Infant Formula: Opportunities and Challenges.

Marie R Biondi Ryan, Clay Swackhamer, Sharon M Donovan, Jennifer T Smilowitz, Jae H Kim, Christopher J Stewart, Devon Kuehn, Gat Rauner, Kasper Hettinga, Elieke Demmer Kearns and 6 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Marie R Biondi RyanNutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
Clay SwackhamerNutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States; Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
Sharon M DonovanDepartment of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
Jennifer T SmilowitzDepartment of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Jae H KimPerinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Christopher J StewartTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Devon KuehnByHeart, Inc., New York, NY, United States.
Gat RaunerDepartment of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
Kasper HettingaFood Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Elieke Demmer KearnsKabrita North America, Hoboken, NJ, United States.
Kinga K SmolenBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Sarah M ReyesRev Bioscience, LLC, Boise, ID, United States.
Gyan P RaiNara Organics Inc., New York, NY, United States.
Michelle K McGuireMargaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.
Candace RussoNutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
David C DallasNutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States; Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States. Electronic address: dave.dallas@oregonstate.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human milk (HM) is a dynamic biological system replete with functional components that support infant growth, development, and immune protection. HM is regarded as the optimal infant food; however, many infants rely on infant formula (IF) as their sole source of nutrition or as a supplement to HM. Although many ingredients have been added to IF over the past 30 y, it is not equivalent to HM in terms of composition or infant outcomes. Potential opportunities to improve IF composition include adding components extracted from the milk of other species, synthesized by precision fermentation, or produced by cultured mammary epithelial cells. However, many hurdles remain to adding novel ingredients to IF, including determining how much to add to best align with variable HM composition, ensuring reasonable certainty of no harm, considering possible functional effects of the ingredients, establishing methods to assess the safety of the IF when the functional ingredient is added, and determining how best to assess functional outcomes. Advancing the field to improve infant health hinges on achieving consensus across a range of questions among academic, industry, and regulatory scientists.

Indexed as

Infant FormulaInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaMilk, HumanHumansInfantInfant, Newbornhuman milkinfant growthmilk bioactivesneonatal nutritionrecombinant protein

Identifiers

PMID42508761
PMCPMC13594449

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.