ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2026
Management of hyperkalaemia in the Italian clinical practice: impact of diverse potassium binders on outcomes and costs in patients with chronic kidney disease and heart failure.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHyperkalemia is a common and clinically relevant condition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF), often limiting optimal use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi).
methodsThis real-world study evaluated adherence, clinical outcomes, and healthcare costs among Italian patients initiating patiromer, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC), or sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) between January 2022 and June 2024.
resultsAdministrative data covering about 10% of the Italian population identified 1953 patients: 249 on patiromer, 387 on SZC, and 1317 on SPS. After full matching, 67.5% of patiromer patients were adherent at 6 months, compared with 20.4% for SZC and 0.5% for SPS (p < 0.001). Over the total follow-up, adherence remained higher with patiromer (42.5% vs 13.4% and 0.5%). During the first 6 months, HF-related hospitalization rates were lower with patiromer versus SZC (5.4 vs 12.8 events per 100 person-years; p = 0.079), becoming significant over overall follow-up (5.3 vs 15.7; p = 0.003). Composite HF outcomes at 6 months were also lower with patiromer compared with SZC (5.3 vs 17.4; p = 0.012) and SPS (3.4 vs 24.8; p = 0.005). At 12 months, total healthcare costs were significantly lower with patiromer than with SZC and SPS (€5645 vs €8500 and €4736 vs €6234; p < 0.001). Overall, patiromer use was associated with better adherence, fewer HF-related events, and reduced healthcare expenditure.
conclusionsThese findings suggest a patiromer potential role for sustained potassium binder therapy in supporting RAASi optimization and improving clinical management in routine practice, but confirmation through direct comparative prospective randomized trials is needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42509402What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.