ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Early Sex Differences in pH, Base Excess and Lactate for the Prediction of Mortality in Trauma Patients.
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesIn trauma patients, early correction of acid-base imbalances is crucial for survival, but time-dependent and sex-specific predictive data are limited. The aim was to analyze the time-dependent, early sex differences in pH, base excess (BE) and lactate regarding mortality in trauma patients. MATERIALS AND
methodsInternal data of trauma patients served for retrospective analysis. pH, BE and lactate values were measured until 48 h after admission. Patients were compared according to sex and survivor status. pH < 7.25, BE < -5.5 mmol/L and lactate > 4 mmol/L were tested as time-dependent predictors for mortality, adjusted for age and Injury Severity Score (ISS). The respective area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and compared by sex. Level of significance was set at
resultsIn the total cohort of 3653 patients (mean age: 45.8 ± 20.2 years, 73.4% male), mortality rates were comparable between females (26.7%) and males (26.9%;
conclusionsTrauma patients display early differences in injury pattern and acid-base parameters according to survivor status and sex. Time- and sex-dependent referencing could aid in early risk estimation and the subsequent extent of surgical treatment.
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