Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42510620›Full record

ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Characterization of Spent Coffee Grounds' Polyphenol Fraction and Its Potential as a Low-Cost Tool for Bioactivity-Guided Nephroprotective Modulation of Gut-Kidney Axis and NF-κB/Nrf2/TGF-β Signaling in Hypertension-Associated Kidney Injury.

Fahrul Nurkolis, Dante Saksono Harbuwono, Yulia Wardhani, Edwin Hadinata, Siti Nur Rohmah, Metalia Puspitasari, Lucia De Luca, Raffaele Romano, Danny Pratama Kuswadi, Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Fahrul NurkolisFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia.
Dante Saksono HarbuwonoDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Yulia WardhaniNephrology and Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Gadjah Mada University/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Edwin HadinataSchool of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, Surabaya 60219, Indonesia.ORCID 0009-0001-0544-2807
Siti Nur RohmahNephrology and Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Gadjah Mada University/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Metalia PuspitasariNephrology and Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Gadjah Mada University/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Lucia De LucaDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone I, 80055 Portici, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2287-3633
Raffaele RomanoDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone I, 80055 Portici, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7555-0486
Danny Pratama KuswadiNephrology and Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Gadjah Mada University/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Raymond Rubianto TjandrawinataSchool of Bioscience, Technology and Innovation, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia.
Eka GinanjarDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Pringgodigdo NugrohoDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-5045-6562
Antonello SantiniDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5505-3327

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertension-associated kidney injury is driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and gut-derived uremic toxins via the gut-kidney axis. Spent coffee grounds (SCG) represent a sustainable source of bioactive polyphenols with potential nephroprotective effects. This study aimed to characterize a bioactivity-guided SCG polyphenol fraction and evaluate its therapeutic potential.

methodsBioactivity-guided fractionation was performed to enrich active polyphenols, followed by in silico target prediction and in vivo validation using L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats treated for 8 weeks. Renal function, oxidative stress, inflammatory and fibrotic markers, gut-derived metabolites, and endothelial function were assessed.

resultsThe enriched fraction was dominated by chlorogenic acid derivatives and showed predicted interactions with NF-κB, Keap1/Nrf2, TGF-β receptor, ACE, and AT1 receptor. In hypertensive rats, treatment significantly lowered blood pressure, improved renal function, reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and gut-derived uremic toxins, while restoring Nrf2 activity, short-chain fatty acid production, and endothelial function. Across multiple biological endpoints, the polyphenol-enriched fraction consistently demonstrated greater efficacy than the crude extract.

conclusionsSCG polyphenol fraction shows strong nephroprotective potential via gut-kidney axis modulation and NF-κB/Nrf2/TGF-β regulation, supporting its development as a low-cost therapeutic candidate.

Indexed as

bioactivity-guided fractionationcaffeoylquinic acidschlorogenic acid derivativesgut–kidney axishypertensive kidney injuryNF-κB/Nrf2/TGF-β signaling

Identifiers

PMID42510620
PMCPMC13405797

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.