ReviewCurrent issues in molecular biology2026
Dietary Polyphenols as Modulators of Redox Signalling: From the Antioxidant-Pro-Oxidant Continuum to Clinical Translation (2015-2025).
Review in Current issues in molecular biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Polyphenols often oscillate between antioxidant and pro-oxidant behaviours depending on structural motifs and context, yet the field still relies heavily on test-tube antioxidant assays that poorly predict cellular and clinical outcomes. This review (2015-2025) integrates chemistry, enzymology, and human data to frame polyphenols as modulators of redox signalling rather than mere radical scavengers. We first formalize the catechol/o-quinone-hydroquinone/p-quinone cycle and the role of NQO1 and Keap1/NRF2 thresholds. We then examine bioavailability, conjugation, and microbiota-derived metabolites (metabotypes), highlighting when the "active" species is a conjugate or a microbial derivative. We discuss safety through quinone speciation and adduct chemistry, and connect food processing (e.g., PPO-driven browning) with shifts in quinone pools. Contextual "levers" (pH, O
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