ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Integrated WGCNA and Network Pharmacology Explore the Potential Mechanisms of D-Limonene in Alleviating Traumatic Brain Injury.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
D-limonene (D-Lim) is a monocyclic monoterpene and the principal component of citrus essential oils; however, the potential mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective effects in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain incompletely elucidated. By integrating network pharmacology, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), molecular docking, and experimental validation, this study systematically investigated the potential mechanisms through which D-Lim exerts neuroprotective activity. Database analyses and in vivo experiments showed that the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects produced by D-Lim may be related to the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling axis and activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Molecular docking and RT-PCR experiments indicated interactions between D-Lim and potential target proteins, including
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