Evidence mapPaperPMID 42511628Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Resistance of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells to Modern Therapies: A Systematic Review.

Sarzhan Rustemov, Alina Kuandyk, Arailym Bertleuova, Syed Hani Abidi, Denis S Bulanin

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sarzhan RustemovDepartment of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey-Zhanibek Khandar 5/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0009-0002-8694-5226
Alina KuandykDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey-Zhanibek Khandar 5/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0002-8314-2797
Arailym BertleuovaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey-Zhanibek Khandar 5/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0009-0002-4633-0366
Syed Hani AbidiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey-Zhanibek Khandar 5/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.ORCID 0000-0001-9497-0902
Denis S BulaninDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Kerey-Zhanibek Khandar 5/1, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.

Funding

Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan IRN AP26195973
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Colorectal cancer stem cells (CRC-SCs) contribute to treatment resistance, tumor recurrence and disease progression. Despite therapeutic advances, CRC-SCs frequently evade eradication and sustain tumor propagation. Although multiple molecular pathways have been implicated in this resistance, current preclinical evidence remains fragmented. This systematic review aims to synthesize preclinical evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC-SC resistance to modern anticancer therapies. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted to identify peer-reviewed original studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies investigated molecular mechanisms of CRC-SC resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other therapeutic modalities. Risk of bias was assessed using QUIN for in vitro studies and SYRCLE for in vivo studies. A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. Synthesis of findings showed that CRC-SC resistance is driven by interconnected mechanisms, including adaptive signaling pathways, epigenetic reprogramming, enhanced DNA damage response, and protective interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Several studies reported that combination treatments targeting these mechanisms attenuated stemness characteristics and restored therapeutic sensitivity. Overall, CRC-SC resistance arises from multiple intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, supporting further preclinical and translational evaluation of combination strategies.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsDrug Resistance, NeoplasmNeoplastic Stem CellsAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsDNA DamageEpigenesis, GeneticHumansSignal TransductionTumor MicroenvironmentAntineoplastic Agentscancer stem cells (CSCs)colorectal cancercolorectal cancer stem cells (CRC-SCs)DNA damage response (DDR)drug resistanceepigenetic reprogrammingsignaling plasticitytherapeutic resistancetumor microenvironment (TME)

Identifiers

PMID42511628
PMCPMC13409747

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.