Evidence mapPaperPMID 42511803Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

The 5:2 Diet Reduces Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Subjects with and Without Type 2 Diabetes-A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Anton Hellberg, Michaela L Sundqvist, Angelica Lindén Hirschberg, Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina, Ingeborg Eriksson, Neda Rajamand Ekberg, Kerstin Brismar

Abstract readControlled Clinical Trial
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Anton HellbergDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6274-8354
Michaela L SundqvistDepartment of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 33 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-2651-6710
Angelica Lindén HirschbergDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6481-6277
Sergiu-Bogdan CatrinaDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-6914-3902
Ingeborg ErikssonDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
Neda Rajamand EkbergDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
Kerstin BrismarDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.

Funding

Berth von Kantzows Foundation N/ADiabetesfonden DIA2025-1017Dr. Margaretha Nilsson Foundation N/AFamiljen Erling-Perssons Stiftelse N/AStockholm County Council RS 2021-0855Stockholm County Council RS 2024-0781Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation 20241002Swedish Research Council 2024-02970
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This is a secondary analysis of a non-randomized controlled six-month trial concerning the effects of the 5:2 diet on cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, blood lipids, adipokines and inflammatory markers) in overweight or obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ninety-seven individuals were recruited, 35 with T2D and 62 without (controls). Ninety-three completed six months of the 5:2 diet, consisting of 2 days of fasting (500 kilocalories (kcal) for women and 600 kcal for men) and five days of their regular diet. A total of 82 participants (31 with T2D and 51 controls) attended the 12-month follow-up. After the six-month intervention, both groups lost body weight (-6.3% in the T2D group and -5.0% among controls). There were significant improvements in waist circumference, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLchol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLchol) and serum levels of adiponectin. In addition, participants with T2D had decreased alanine transferase (ALT) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), which were significantly different from the control group. The control group had significant decreases in triglycerides and leptin concentrations. At the 12-month follow-up, improvements remained for HDLchol and adiponectin in both groups. In addition, the T2D group had significantly decreased hsCRP and leptin concentrations and the control group showed a significant decrease in ALT. In conclusion, a six-month 5:2 diet resulted in significant improvements in cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese participants with and without T2D, with several improvements persisting at 12 months. Individuals with T2D appeared to gain somewhat greater metabolic benefits from the intervention than the control group.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdiponectinAdultBlood PressureC-Reactive ProteinFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansLeptinLipidsMaleMiddle AgedObesityRisk FactorsAdiponectinC-Reactive ProteinLeptinLipids5:2 dietCVDintermittent fastingtype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42511803
PMCPMC13410259

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.