ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Exercise-Induced Plasma Surfactant Protein B Response in Advanced Heart Failure: Relation to Exercise Limitation, Resting Invasive Hemodynamics, and Clinical Outcomes.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Plasma surfactant protein B (SPB) is a marker of alveolar-capillary barrier injury and is elevated in heart failure (HF). We assessed whether cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) changes plasma SPB in advanced HF and whether the SPB response relates to exercise limitations, resting pulmonary hemodynamics, and outcomes. Fifty-one patients (mean age 55.6 ± 7.5 years) with advanced HF (NYHA II-III, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%) underwent comprehensive evaluation, including CPET and invasive hemodynamic assessment. Blood samples were collected before and after CPET. Patients were followed for 23.5 ± 12.6 months. The composite endpoint included death, urgent heart transplantation, or left ventricular assist device implantation. SPB concentrations increased after CPET (median [IQR]: 77.5 [60.5-106.5] vs. 87.2 [63.5-111.9] ng/mL;
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