ArticleBrain sciences2026
Tibolone Administration Is Associated with Enhanced Motor Recovery and Decreased Cell-Specific NOX2 and NOX4 Immunoreactivity in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.
Article in Brain sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effect of tibolone (TIB) on the expression of the NOX2 and NOX4 isoforms and their co-localization in neurons and astrocytes using an animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI).
methodsMale Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to contusive SCI at T9 and treated with TIB (1 or 2.5 mg/kg/day). The expression of NOX2 and NOX4, and their co-localization in neurons and astrocytes, were evaluated at 3, 7, and 15 days post-SCI. Oxidative stress markers and motor recovery were also assessed.
resultsSCI induced a time-dependent increase in NOX2 protein expression at 15 days compared to 3 days (0.192 ± 0.012 vs. 0.013 ± 0.0007) and in NOX4 protein expression (0.027 ± 0.002 vs. 0.958 ± 0.088), displaying differential cell-specific localization patterns in neurons and astrocytes across time points. TIB treatment significantly attenuated SCI-induced oxidative stress (15,391.8 ± 1047.6 vs. 21,264.4 ± 2669.8) and decreased NOX2 and NOX4 co-localization in both neurons and astrocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, TIB-treated animals exhibited a modest but significant restoration of motor function at 15 days post-SCI.
conclusionsOur findings indicate that TIB administration reduces oxidative stress, modifies NOX2 and NOX4 immunoreactivity patterns in neurons and astrocytes, and promotes partial functional recovery following SCI.
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