Evidence mapPaperPMID 42512944Full record

ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2026

Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Diabetic Heart Disease: Impact on Cardiac Function and Modulation Strategies, a Comprehensive Review.

Ana Đuzel Čokljat, Petra Grubić Rotkvić, Zdravko Babić, Ivana Huljev Šipoš, Marijo Bekić, Marina Njire Bratičević, Luka Rotkvić, Maja Cigrovski Berković

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ana Đuzel ČokljatDepartment of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Dubrovnik, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0003-0095-2987
Petra Grubić RotkvićDepartment of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-2587-1932
Zdravko BabićDepartment of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice", 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0002-7060-8375
Ivana Huljev ŠipošDepartment of Pulmonology, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0003-2036-3645
Marijo BekićDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0003-1754-6299
Marina Njire BratičevićMedical Biochemistry Laboratory, General Hospital Dubrovnik, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0001-8629-3008
Luka RotkvićClinic for Cardiovascular Medicine Magdalena, 49217 Krapinske Toplice, Croatia.
Maja Cigrovski BerkovićFaculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.ORCID 0000-0003-0750-9785

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a distinct form of visceral adipose tissue that lies within the pericardium and directly adjacent to the myocardium. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit excessive and metabolically active EAT, which contributes to the development of early diabetic myocardial disease, formerly referred to as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recent studies have demonstrated that excess EAT is characterized by a proinflammatory profile that may adversely affect the underlying myocardium, leading to impaired diastolic and systolic function. In this review, we discuss the role of excessive EAT as a source of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines that influence adjacent ventricular and atrial myocardium through local tissue crosstalk. In addition to metabolic alterations, enlarged EAT induces hemodynamic changes that result in pericardial constraint and enhanced ventricular interdependence, both of which are hallmarks of diabetic pericardial disease. We further analyze the interplay among T2DM, inflammation, obesity, and increased EAT on the one hand, and myocardial dysfunction characterized by myocardial stiffness, elevated filling pressures, and diastolic and systolic dysfunction on the other. We emphasize that the distinct immunometabolic activity of perivascular adipose tissue may lead to a paradigm shift in the understanding of coronary artery disease, moving from a predominantly endoluminal to an exoluminal perspective. A wide range of dietary, lifestyle, and pharmacological interventions are available within this emerging diabeto-cardiometabolic continuum, each with a potential role; however, the timing of intervention is crucial. This review also explores the potential effects of antidiabetic and other pharmacological agents that modulate EAT thickness, volume, and/or activity, and discusses directions for future mechanistic and clinical research.

Indexed as

Adipose TissueDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic CardiomyopathiesEpicardial Adipose TissueHumansObesityPericardiumantidiabetic medicationsdiabetic heart diseaseepicardial adipose tissueheart failureobesitytype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42512944
PMCPMC13413816

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.