Evidence mapPaperPMID 42513625Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2026

Current Clinical Perspectives of Biomarkers in Respiratory Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Swathi Gurajala, Shoug Yousif Al Humoud, Ghada Fouad Al Yousif, Rana Ali Alameri, Gayathri Pandurangam, Aya Khalid Ali Fayyomi, Sally Abed, Nada Sami Sardidi, Mashael Mamdouh Alrayes, Tarfah Ahmed Alsabhan and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Swathi GurajalaDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia.
Shoug Yousif Al HumoudDepartment of Respiratory Care, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-1073-3617
Ghada Fouad Al YousifDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-2372-7440
Rana Ali AlameriFundamentals of Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-3091-8931
Gayathri PandurangamDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-6940-1924
Aya Khalid Ali FayyomiDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia.
Sally AbedDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-4937-1182
Nada Sami SardidiDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0002-9664-9869
Mashael Mamdouh AlrayesDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia.
Tarfah Ahmed AlsabhanDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia.
Sarah Hassan AlajmiDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia.
Anfal AlfarajDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0005-4798-1963
Nada Al GhannamDepartment of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0006-6815-0074

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Respiratory medicine is transitioning from symptom-driven, standardized care to a more precise, patient-specific approach guided by molecular profiling. This evolution is being enabled by advances in liquid biopsy, multiomics, and artificial intelligence (AI) analytics. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophils, the two commonly used markers in asthma, are now being joined by more precise airway markers such as galectin-10, which could aid clinicians in making more informed decisions for biological treatments. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) similar progress is underway, with treatment now emphasizing inflammation endotypes, especially eosinophilic patterns, to direct therapeutic choices. Alongside these developments, routine blood-based ratios (e.g., platelet-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte) are being explored as predictors of exacerbation risk, and forced oscillation testing (FOT) is proving useful for picking up early disease shifts. In more severe conditions, biomarkers are linked to an early and better prognosis, enabling timely intervention. Markers like Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and CC chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) have proven to be reliable indicators of mortality and disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Meanwhile, in lung cancer, liquid biopsies, especially those measuring circulating tumor DNA and micro-RNA (miRNA) panels, are enhancing screening accuracy while helping to cut down on the high false-positive rates seen with low-dose computerised tomography (CT). Other respiratory conditions such as bronchiectasis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are also benefiting from biomarker advances. At the same time there is a growing push to standardize how these biomarkers are measured. AI-based clinical decision support systems are also playing an increasingly important role in the translation of all these complicated data into actionable clinical insights. Together these developments pave the way for improved respiratory care that is precise and responsive to individual patient needs.

Indexed as

artificial intelligencebiomarkersdiagnostic toolsdisease phenotypingfunctional biomarkersimaging biomarkersmolecular biomarkersnon-invasive approachesnovel diagnostic testspersonalized therapyprecision medicinerespiratory diseases

Identifiers

PMID42513625
PMCPMC13412250

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.