Evidence mapPaperPMID 42514457Full record

Trial reportNutrients2026

Acute 1,3-Butanediol Co-Ingestion with Carbohydrate Does Not Improve Endurance Performance in Chronically Ketogenic Male Athletes.

Matthew Carpenter, James Brouner, Owen Spendiff

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Matthew CarpenterSchool of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 1LQ, UK.
James BrounerSchool of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 1LQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7938-2803
Owen SpendiffSchool of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, London KT1 1LQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9465-1693

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as

AthletesAthletic PerformanceButylene GlycolsDietary CarbohydratesDiet, KetogenicPhysical EnduranceAdultDietary SupplementsHumansKetone BodiesLactic AcidMaleOxygen ConsumptionYoung Adult1,3-butylene glycolButylene GlycolsDietary CarbohydratesKetone BodiesLactic Acid1,3-butanediolexogenous ketonesfat oxidationketogenicketosisRER

Identifiers

PMID42514457
PMCPMC13415439

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.