Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42514645›Full record

ReviewVeterinary sciences2026

Beyond Antibiotics: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Flavonoids in the Management of Endometritis.

Abdul Qadeer, Mohamed Tharwat, Ibrahim F Halawani, Fuad M Alzahrani, Khalid J Alzahrani, Fahad A Alshanbari, Muhammad Zahoor Khan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Veterinary sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Abdul QadeerDepartment of Medical Sciences, Shandong Xiehe University, Jinan 250109, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0268-1167
Mohamed TharwatDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6622, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-3796-9590
Ibrahim F HalawaniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-6632-0646
Fuad M AlzahraniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-6930-5214
Khalid J AlzahraniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-6688-0106
Fahad A AlshanbariDepartment of Medical Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6622, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-7267-4301
Muhammad Zahoor KhanCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5890-2996

Funding

Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University QU-APC-2026
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Endometritis-inflammation of the endometrial lining-imposes a substantial reproductive and economic burden in both human gynecology and livestock production, where it is a leading cause of recurrent implantation failure in humans and the costliest reproductive disorder in cattle. Conventional management is overwhelmingly antibiotic-based, yet escalating antimicrobial resistance, tissue and milk residues, microbiota disruption and high relapse rates have eroded its efficacy and acceptability, creating an urgent need for mechanism-based, host-directed alternatives. Here we synthesize the expanding evidence positioning dietary flavonoids and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations as such interventions. Across diverse compounds and preparations, anti-endometriotic activity converges on a tractable set of molecular nodes: TLR4/NF-κB signaling, the NLRP3 inflammasome-pyroptosis axis, the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant program, PI3K/AKT and PPAR-γ signaling, ferroptosis, and the gut-uterus microbial-metabolite axis. Veterinary field studies report cure rates and fertility outcomes rivaling first-line antibiotics, while integrative case reports show benefit in antibiotic-refractory human chronic endometritis. Translation remains constrained by poor bioavailability, formulation heterogeneity, over-reliance on lipopolysaccharide-only models and a scarcity of randomized trials-barriers now addressable through nanocarrier delivery, network-pharmacology-guided standardization and biomarker-stratified designs. Flavonoids and TCM are best viewed not as substitutes for antibiotics but as a mechanistically rational, multi-target strategy aligned with One Health antimicrobial stewardship.

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistancechronic endometritisendometritisferroptosisflavonoidsgut–uterus axisNF-κBNLRP3 inflammasomeNrf2traditional Chinese medicine

Identifiers

PMID42514645
PMCPMC13431332

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.