ArticleToxics2026
Exploratory Detection of Nile Red-Positive Microparticles in Peripheral Blood Samples from Chronic Users of Nicotine Products Using Flow Cytometry.
Article in Toxics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Particles exhibiting fluorescence after Nile Red staining have been increasingly investigated in human biological samples in the context of microplastic exposure, but their clinical relevance remains unclear. In this study, Nile Red-positive microparticles were quantified in whole blood from chronic users of different nicotine-delivery systems and non-user controls. The study included 73 nicotine users, including conventional cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users, and heated tobacco product users, as well as an age- and sex-matched control group. Only participants without diagnosed chronic somatic disease were enrolled. Microparticles were quantified by flow cytometry after Nile Red staining. Associations with age, nicotine dependence assessed with the FTND and FTQ, motivation to quit smoking assessed with the Schneider Motivation Test, and selected hematological and biochemical parameters were also analyzed. In the overall analysis, the mean number of microparticles was higher in nicotine users than in controls, but the difference was not statistically significant (
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