Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42516368›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Navigating the gut-metabolite-immune axis: enhancing efficacy and mitigating toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Yu Zhang, Shengnan Wang, Shuang Chang, Yuanyuan Li, Yexing Dang, Zhihao Wang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yu ZhangDepartment of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Shengnan WangDepartment of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Shuang ChangDepartment of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Yuanyuan LiDepartment of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Yexing DangDepartment of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Zhihao WangDepartment of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the oncological landscape by disrupting inhibitory pathways, notably programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) pathways, thereby reinvigorating host antitumor immunity. Although these agents have emerged as frontline standard therapies for malignancies, their clinical utility remains limited. Interpatient therapeutic variability is inextricably linked to the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome. The underlying mechanisms appear to involve a complex dialogue between the microbiota and host immune system, where microbial metabolites serve as critical mediators in remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Despite these insights, progression in the field remains constrained due to heterogeneity in study cohorts and sample-processing methodologies, hindering the establishment of reproducible individualized predictive models and clinical intervention strategies. Consequently, there is an urgent need to systematically delineate the microbiome-metabolite-immune axis to optimize the balance between ICI efficacy and systemic toxicity. By synthesizing the latest evidence, this review aimed to highlight the pivotal roles of specific taxa, including

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsNeoplasmsAnimalsFecal Microbiota TransplantationHumansTumor MicroenvironmentImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorscancer therapygut microbial metabolitesgut microbiomeimmune checkpoint inhibitorsmetabolism

Identifiers

PMID42516368
PMCPMC13402374

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.