Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42517740›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine2026

Development and internal validation of a nomogram for predicting postoperative bone nonunion in infectious spondylitis: a retrospective cohort study.

Wentao Zhao, Lu Xing, Yongrui Yang, Wenkai Ruan, Jianlong Li, Rongpan Dang, Huigang An, Liang Xu, Yingxin Zhao, Hongdong Tan and 1 more

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Wentao ZhaoDepartment of Orthopedics, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Lu XingDepartment of Orthopedics, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Yongrui YangDepartment of Orthopedics, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Wenkai RuanDepartment of Orthopedics, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Jianlong LiDepartment of Orthopedics, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Rongpan DangDepartment of Orthopedics, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Huigang AnDepartment of Orthopedics, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Liang XuDepartment of Orthopedics, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Yingxin ZhaoDepartment of Orthopedics, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Hongdong TanDepartment of Orthopedics, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
Chenggui ZhangDepartment of Orthopedics, Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPostoperative bone nonunion remains a major complication after instrumented fusion for infectious spondylitis, with substantially higher rates than in aseptic spinal surgery. Existingmodels lack validation and infection-specific predictors. PURPOSE: To develop and internally validate a nomogram for the perioperative prediction of postoperative bone nonunion ininfectious spondylitis patients.

methodThis retrospective cohort study included 224 patients with infectious spondylitis undergoing posterior debridement and instrumented fusion (January 2020-December 2023). Patients were classified as union (

results5predictors were incorporated: Lower Albumin (ALB) level, prolonged CRP normalization days, allogeneic bone graft materials, multilevel fusion and paravertebral abscess. The nomogram demonstrated excellent discrimination(AUC 0.936 ,95% CI: 0.896-0.975) and good calibration (

conclusionA novel nomogram incorporating fiveperioperative predictors was developed and internally validated for early prediction of bone nonunion after fusion in infectious spondylitis, showing excellent discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility with minimal overfitting. External validation in larger multicenter cohorts is required beforeclinical application.

Indexed as

Fractures, UnunitedNomogramsPostoperative ComplicationsSpinal FusionSpondylitisAdultAgedDebridementFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective Studiesbone nonunionInfectious spondylitisnomogrampredictive modelspinal fusion

Identifiers

PMID42517740
PMCPMC13421112

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.