Surface topography, optical properties, and biofilm adhesion of additive and subtractive-manufactured ceramic reinforced hybrid composite: an in-vitro study.

Arwa Daghrery, Honey Lunkad, Mohammed Al Moaleem, Abdulaziz Ali Alhazmi, Osama Essa Dallak, Walter Yu Hang Lam, Husham E Homeida

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Article in Odontology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Arwa DaghreryDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-1818

Honey LunkadDepartment of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.

Mohammed Al MoaleemDepartment of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.

Abdulaziz Ali AlhazmiCollege of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.

Osama Essa DallakCollege of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.

Walter Yu Hang LamFaculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China. retlaw@hku.hk.

Husham E HomeidaDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9536-1041

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This in vitro study aimed to assess the influence of manufacturing techniques (additive vs. subtractive) and surface finishing (glazing vs. polishing) on the average surface roughness (Ra), optical properties as mean color change (ΔE

Indexed as

Additive and subtractive manufacturingCeramic-reinforced hybrid compositeGlazedMicrobial adhesionPolished

Identifiers

PMID42518061

DOI10.1186/s12903-025-07379z

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.