ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Assessment of growth and pain trajectories for children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Northern Thailand using group-based trajectory modeling.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Children with leukemia often experience growth and symptom changes during treatment. Our aim was to examine bodyweight, body mass index (BMI) and pain trajectories, along with associated factors. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 88 children and adolescents receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Group-based Trajectory Modeling was applied to identify trajectory patterns. Results: Four latent classes for bodyweight trajectory were identified, two-thirds of patients classified into slightly low-normal bodyweight group and mostly were 1-5 years old and in the standard-risk ALL group. Patients in the high-bodyweight group were more likely to be 6-15 years old [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 184.6 (30.47-1118.48)] and in the high-risk ALL group [aOR 5.36 (1.38-20.8)]. Three latent classes for BMI and pain trajectories were identified. For BMI changes, 94% of patients classified as healthy weight. A minority of patients classified as overweight/obese, which was mainly observed among 6-15-year-old patients [aOR 5.99, (2.18-16.51)] of Thai ethnicity [aOR 4.58 (1.33-15.77)]. Three-quarters of patients experienced high pain initially, and pain levels generally declined over time. High pain was more prevalent in 6-15-year-old patients [aOR 2.61 (1.07-6.36)], whereas mild pain was more common in 1-5-year-old patients and in the standard-risk ALL group. Thai ethnicity was associated with mild pain [aOR 0.36 (0.13-0.99)]. Conclusions: Older age at diagnosis was significantly associated with higher bodyweight, higher BMI and high pain trajectory. The high-risk ALL group was associated with high bodyweight trajectory, and Thai ethnicity was associated with high BMI and mild pain trajectory.
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