Evidence mapPaperPMID 42520172Full record

ArticleChemistry & biodiversity2026

Differentiation of White and Red Galangal Rhizomes by Pseudo-Targeted LC-MS/MS Metabolomics.

Elan Hernadi, Eti Rohaeti, Widodo, Mohamad Rafi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Chemistry & biodiversity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Elan HernadiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
Eti RohaetiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
WidodoDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
Mohamad RafiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-8703

Funding

Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of IndonesiaPenelitian Disertasi Doktor 027/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rhizomes of white galangal (Alpinia galanga) and red galangal (Alpinia purpurata) are valued as herbal medicines and pesticides. However, these two plants may exhibit differing bioactivities and side effects due to variations in their metabolite compositions. Differentiating the rhizomes of the two plants in dried, chopped, or powdered form can be challenging, raising concerns about misidentification and fraud. This study aimed to distinguish between the two rhizomes using a pseudo-targeted metabolomics approach integrated with multivariate analysis and MS/MS spectra-based molecular networking. Metabolites were extracted via ultrasonic treatment in methanol, followed by untargeted LC-MS Q-Orbitrap and pseudo-targeted LC-MS triple quadrupole analyses. Principal component analysis (PCA) effectively separated the two rhizomes and highlighted metabolite features contributing to this separation. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) clustered samples by plant type and location, and also showed differences in metabolite distribution patterns. Molecular networking, interpreted in conjunction with PCA loading scores, revealed distinct molecular cluster patterns. Finally, the study confirmed that differences in metabolite composition and molecular patterns enable accurate differentiation. This approach offers a reliable method for authenticating rhizomes, ensuring herbal quality control, and preventing counterfeiting.

Indexed as

AlpiniaMetabolomicsRhizomeChromatography, LiquidCluster AnalysisLiquid Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryPrincipal Component AnalysisTandem Mass Spectrometryclustering analysisgalangal rhizomesLC‐MS/MSmetabolite fingerprintingpseudo‐targeted metabolomics

Identifiers

PMID42520172
PMCPMC13412069

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.