Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42521965›Full record

ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2026

A Musculoskeletal-Finite Element Study of Knee Joint Loading and Cartilage Mechanics in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Dongfei Huo, Run Lin, Junyan Li, Timothy P Holsgrove, Dominic Farris, Dong Wang, Xijin Hua

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Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Dongfei HuoDepartment of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX44QF, UK.
Run LinDepartment of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX44QF, UK.
Junyan LiDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China.
Timothy P HolsgroveDepartment of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX44QF, UK.
Dominic FarrisPublic Health & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX44QF, UK.
Dong WangDepartment of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX44QF, UK.
Xijin HuaDepartment of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX44QF, UK. X.Hua@exeter.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-660X

Funding

Royal Society IES/R3/243317Royal Society RG/R1/251639
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCerebral palsy (CP) is typically associated with abnormal gait that may alter knee joint loading and accelerate joint degeneration. We developed an integrated musculoskeletal-finite element (MSK-FE) framework to quantify differences in knee joint biomechanics between children with CP and typically developing (TD) peers.

methodsGait data from 13 children (TD, n = 5; hemiplegia [HP], n = 4; diplegia [DP], n = 4) were analyzed using OpenSim to obtain knee kinematics and compressive knee joint reaction forces (KJRFs). These were applied to scaled 3D FE knee models, incorporating biphasic cartilage, menisci, and ligaments, at the first force peak, mid-stance, and second force peak to evaluate cartilage pressures.

resultsCompared with TD, both CP subtypes (HP and DP) exhibited greater knee flexion throughout the gait cycle, except for the affected limb in HP (HP

conclusionThe MSK-FE framework quantified knee loading and cartilage contact pressure patterns in children with CP. These preliminary findings highlight subtype- and limb-specific gait-loading patterns and provide a mechanistic basis for future larger-scale and longitudinal investigations.

Indexed as

Cartilage contact pressureCerebral palsyFinite element analysisKnee joint loadingMusculoskeletal modeling

Identifiers

PMID42521965

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.