Evidence mapPaperPMID 42522010Full record

SynthesisBMC psychiatry2026

Effects of physical exercise on sleep quality in patients with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mingqi Wang, Lei Su, Lu Hao, Xiaojun Song, Jing Ma, Jing Guo, Bowen He, Mohan Hu, Runqing Wang, Yue Feng

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Mingqi Wang *Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Lei Su *Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Lu HaoShandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Xiaojun SongShandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Jing MaShandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Jing GuoShandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Bowen HeShandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Mohan HuShandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Runqing WangShandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
Yue FengNaval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. fyreach@163.com.

Funding

Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program Grant No. 202403090437Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program (Healthcare Project) Grant No. 2025BJ000050
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs an evidence-based complementary modality, physical exercise showed significant potential in mitigating sleep disturbances across various populations.

objectiveThe objective of this study was to determine how physical exercise interventions influence the sleep quality among clinical populations diagnosed with psychiatric disorders.

methodsA systematic search was conducted across four electronic databases, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) available from inception to March 1, 2026. Studies were included if they focused on exercise interventions in patients with psychiatric disorders, using sleep quality as the outcome. Assessment of risk of bias for the enrolled RCTs was conducted using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2. Data synthesis employed random-effects models to estimate Hedges' g, with subsequent subgroup analyses conducted according to the FITT (Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type) framework.

resultsA total of 21 RCTs (24 comparisons) with 1628 participants were analyzed and results indicated a moderate overall effect size, indicating that physical exercise contributes to a significant improvement in sleep quality (g = -0.57, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: -0.75, -0.38, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed larger effect sizes for interventions characterized by a weekly frequency of ≥ 3 sessions (g = -0.60), aerobic modalities (g = -0.69), and low-to-moderate intensity (g = -0.70). Furthermore, Furthermore, larger effects were also observed for single sessions lasting ≥ 30 min (g = -0.58) and a total intervention duration under 12 weeks (g = -0.58) in patients with psychiatric disorders. Univariate meta-regression analyses revealed no significant linear moderating effects of intervention duration, frequency, volume, or total weekly exercise time on sleep quality (all P > 0.05).

conclusionOverall, physical exercise serves as a potent complementary treatment option for enhancing sleep quality among individuals with mental health conditions. Following the exploration of candidate FITT dimensions, our findings offer actionable clinical insights for incorporating tailored exercise programs as a synergistic component of holistic psychiatric rehabilitation.

Indexed as

ExerciseExercise TherapyMental DisordersSleep QualitySleep Wake DisordersHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicFITT principleMeta-analysisPhysical exercisePsychiatric disordersRandomized controlled trialsSleep quality

Identifiers

PMID42522010
PMCPMC13410588

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.