Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42522551›Full record

ArticleCirculation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology2026

Innervation of the Human Atrioventricular Node via the Inferior Pyramidal Space: Characterization Using Intersectional Strategies.

Takanori Sato, Shumpei Mori, Peter Hanna, Joseph E Hadaya, Yuichiro Miyazaki, Logan G Kirkland, Donald B Hoover, Olujimi A Ajijola, Kalyanam Shivkumar

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Takanori SatoDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.S., S.M., P.H., J.E.H., Y.M., O.A.A., K.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-1098-5379
Shumpei MoriDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.S., S.M., P.H., J.E.H., Y.M., O.A.A., K.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-5803-7135
Peter HannaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.S., S.M., P.H., J.E.H., Y.M., O.A.A., K.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-3092-5090
Joseph E HadayaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.S., S.M., P.H., J.E.H., Y.M., O.A.A., K.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0001-9902-0578
Yuichiro MiyazakiDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.S., S.M., P.H., J.E.H., Y.M., O.A.A., K.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-0407-7286
Logan G KirklandDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN (L.G.K., D.B.H.).
Donald B HooverDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN (L.G.K., D.B.H.).ORCID 0000-0002-0845-2488
Olujimi A AjijolaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.S., S.M., P.H., J.E.H., Y.M., O.A.A., K.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0001-6197-7593
Kalyanam ShivkumarDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.S., S.M., P.H., J.E.H., Y.M., O.A.A., K.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-4121-1766

Funding

Neural Control of Myocardial Excitability at the Nerve Myocyte InterfaceP01HL164311 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI KALYANAM SHIVKUMAR · 2023 to 2026
$11.3M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL164311
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe inferior pyramidal space (IPS), the epicardial adipose tissue extending from the inferior crux of the heart, contains the atrioventricular node (AVN) at its apex. However, innervation of the human AVN via the IPS remains unknown.

methodsSeven whole-mount samples of the human IPS involving the AVN were obtained from hearts rejected for transplantation (85.7% male, 49.4±12.8 years old). The IPS was further divided into the anterior (behind the floor of the triangle of Koch) and posterior (within the Eustachian ridge) fat pads relative to the coronary sinus. A whole-mount tissue-clearing method with immunohistochemical staining was applied to each fat pad to count and characterize the nerve fascicles ≥10 µm and ganglia ≥6000 µm

resultsWithin the anterior fat pad, sympathetic nerve fascicles ascended towards the AVN along the AVN artery, whereas nonsympathetic nerve fascicles approached the AVN from the superior and posterior aspects without a consistent relationship to the AVN artery. Within the IPS, sympathetic nerve fascicles were thicker than nonsympathetic nerve fascicles (51.7±32.8 versus 22.1±10.6 µm;

conclusionsThe human IPS exhibits a distinct pattern of autonomic innervation and distribution of ganglia. These neural structures are likely to contribute to the physiological control of the human AVN and could be a novel target for neuromodulation to restore normal AVN function.

Indexed as

Atrioventricular NodeAdipose TissueAdultEpicardial Adipose TissueFemaleHumansImmunohistochemistryMaleMiddle Agedatrioventricular nodecoronary sinusepicardial adipose tissueganglianerve fibers

Identifiers

PMID42522551
PMCPMC13419474

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.