Evidence mapPaperPMID 42524556Full record

ReviewJournal of inflammation research2026

Neutrophils in Kidney Disease: Linking Neutrophil Function and Microenvironment to Therapeutic Targets.

John Ku, Kailey K Flora, Stefanie Steiger, Hans-Joachim Anders

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of inflammation research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

John KuDepartment of Medicine IV, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Medicine, Munich, Germany.
Kailey K FloraDepartment of Medicine IV, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Medicine, Munich, Germany.
Stefanie SteigerDepartment of Medicine IV, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Medicine, Munich, Germany.
Hans-Joachim AndersDepartment of Medicine IV, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Medicine, Munich, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neutrophils are central mediators of kidney immunity and injury, exerting both protective and pathogenic functions on tissue compartment, inflammatory response, and disease state. During urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis, neutrophils protect the host through phagocytosis, granule release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. In contrast, dysregulated neutrophil activation contributes to sterile and autoimmune kidney disease, including cholesterol crystal embolism, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody -associated vasculitis (AAV), ischemic acute kidney injury, and progression to chronic kidney disease. Emerging evidence indicates that neutrophil function in the kidney is highly compartment-specific and shaped by local metabolic and inflammatory cues. Persistent neutrophil activation promotes thromboinflammation, endothelial injury, autoimmunity, and fibrogenic remodeling through release of cytokines, S100A8/A9, proteases, ROS, and NET-associated mediators. In chronic kidney disease, uremic toxins and metabolites, such as uric acid, further alter neutrophil function by impairing antimicrobial responses while sustaining inflammatory activation. This review summarizes current insights into neutrophil biology across infection, sterile, and autoimmune kidney diseases, with focus on complement-specific neutrophil functions and effector mechanisms. In addition, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophil activation pathways and highlight recent advances in spatial transcriptomics, single-cell technologies, and intravital imaging that are reshaping our understanding of neutrophil-mediated kidney injury.

Indexed as

AKI-to-CKD transitionANCA-associated vasculitiscomplementkidney injuryneutrophil extracellular trapsneutrophils

Identifiers

PMID42524556
PMCPMC13411152

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.