Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42524610›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition2026

Trace elements in relation to glycemic control and disease complications in children living with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Randa Ibrahim, Amal Ahmed Mohamed, Enas Sayed Abbas, Eman Sultan, May Mohsen Samy Selim, Lamees Ahmed Samy, Eman M Fahmy, Mohamed AbdelFattah Ibrahim Saad, Omnia M Anwer, Mina Wassef Girgiss and 4 more

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Article in Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Randa IbrahimClinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Nutrition Institute, The General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI), Cairo, Egypt.
Amal Ahmed MohamedBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI), Cairo, Egypt.
Enas Sayed AbbasPediatric Clinical Nutrition Department, National Nutrition Institute, The General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI), Egypt.
Eman SultanDepartment of Endocrinology, National Nutrition Institute, The General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI), Cairo, Egypt.
May Mohsen Samy SelimClinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Lamees Ahmed SamyClinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Eman M FahmyEndocrinology & Metabolism, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Capital University, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohamed AbdelFattah Ibrahim SaadPediatric Department, Almataria Teaching Hospital, The General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI), Cairo, Egypt.
Omnia M AnwerPublic Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Qalyubiyah Governorate, Egypt.
Mina Wassef GirgissMedical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohamed El SherbinyInternal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Yasser BatotaNMC Royal Hospital, Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Rahmathullah MohammadNMC Royal Hospital, Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Wael HafezMedical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trace elements such as copper, zinc, and magnesium are essential for antioxidant defense, insulin action and glucose homeostasis, yet their clinical utility as biomarkers in childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus remains uncertain. We conducted a case-control study of 199 Egyptian children aged 5-18 years (100 with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 99 non-diabetic controls) attending the National Nutrition Center. Anthropometry, lifestyle characteristics and biochemistry were assessed, and serum copper, zinc, and magnesium were measured by atomic absorption; the copper to zinc ratio was calculated. Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus had significantly lower zinc and magnesium concentrations and higher copper to zinc ratios than controls, while mean copper levels did not differ significantly. Lower magnesium and zinc, higher body mass index, elevated triglycerides, and reduced physical activity were independently associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. In receiver operating characteristic analyses, magnesium showed the best discriminative performance between diabetic and control children, whereas zinc and the copper to zinc ratio were highly specific markers of poor glycemic control, and zinc deficiency and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate were consistently associated with microvascular complications. These findings support trace-element monitoring to refine risk stratification and management in pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Indexed as

copper to zinc ratiomagnesiumtrace elementstype 1 diabetes mellituszinc

Identifiers

PMID42524610
PMCPMC13412591

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.