ArticleParasite (Paris, France)2026
Environmental hazard of tick-borne diseases in urban and peri-urban sites in an endemic area of eastern France.
Article in Parasite (Paris, France), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The occurrence of the Ixodes ricinus tick in forested and rural areas is well documented across Europe; however, its presence in urban environments remains less investigated. This study focused on the city of Strasbourg, located in eastern France, a region endemic for ticks and tick-borne diseases, to identify high-risk ecosystems along an urbanization gradient. Questing ticks were collected from eight sites: four urban parks, a botanical garden, and three peri-urban forests. A total of 880 ticks were collected, and 657 nymphs were analyzed for the presence of the pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Neoehrlichia mikurensis using molecular methods. Regularly maintained urban parks presented a low risk of tick bites or tick-borne bacterial infections, including Lyme borreliosis, anaplasmosis, and neoehrlichiosis. In contrast, peri-urban alluvial forests exhibited a high risk of tick bites and potentially infectious diseases, with a mean nymph density of 21.16 (range 18.25-24.75) per 100 m
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