Evidence mapPaperPMID 42528276Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of immunology2026

The Respiratory Epithelial Barrier as an Immunopharmacological Rheostat: From Homeostatic Sentinel to Therapeutic Target in Chronic Lung Disease.

Feng-Xian Ni, Jie Hu, Hui-Hui Chen, Dong-Hui Huang, Ze-Bo Jiang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Feng-Xian NiZhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
Jie HuZhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
Hui-Hui ChenZhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
Dong-Hui HuangZhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
Ze-Bo JiangZhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.

Funding

Beijing Chao Enxiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Heritage and Development Foundation 2023 "Towards a New Horizon" Research 2023CX03Guangdong Province-Provincial Chinese Medicine construction special fund named Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Studio construction project, Guangdong Chinese Medicine Office Letter [2023] 108Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine 20221361Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine 20241285Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine 20241290Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine 20251345Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine 202303Zhuhai Science and Technology Innovation Bureau 2320004000290Zhuhai Science and Technology Innovation Bureau 2420004000022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The respiratory epithelium is a dynamic immunopharmacological interface that transcends its traditional role as a passive barrier to become a central coordinator of pulmonary immunity. This review introduces and elaborates on the paradigm of the "Epithelial Immunopharmacological Rheostat," a conceptual framework that posits the epithelium as a dynamic, multidimensional signal processor that continuously calibrates the threshold of immune activation. Distinct from static models of barrier dysfunction or isolated alarmin biology, this rheostat operates through four hierarchically interacting axes: barrier integrity, alarmin/type 2, senescence/repair, and tolerogenic programming. We critically dissect how dysregulation of specific axes-alone or in combination-initiates and perpetuates the pathology of chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, COPD, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A rigorous, pharmacology-centric analysis deconstructs the molecular circuitry of epithelial-immune crosstalk, evaluating the druggability of targets from tight junction complexes and pattern recognition receptors to the alarmin (TSLP, IL-33, IL-25) signaling cascades and their downstream JAK-STAT, NF-κB, and MAPK effectors. Beyond cataloguing mechanisms, this review provides a comparative and critical appraisal of emerging therapeutic strategies, including alarmin-targeted biologics, barrier-restorative agents (e.g., postbiotics, short-chain fatty acids), kinase inhibitors, senotherapeutics, and frontier cell-based therapies. A dedicated synthesis addresses pivotal pharmacokinetic hurdles, biomarker-driven stratification, and the imperative of precision endotyping. Finally, we forecast how advanced human organoid models are catalyzing the shift toward personalized interventions designed to reset the defective rheostat. This comprehensive synthesis maps the intricate landscape of epithelial immunopharmacology and identifies critical barriers that must be overcome to translate these insights into transformative clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

Lung DiseasesRespiratory MucosaAlarminsAnimalsChronic DiseaseHomeostasisHumansSignal TransductionAlarminsairway epitheliumalarminsbarrier functionimmunopharmacologypharmacokineticsprecision medicinetargeted therapy

Identifiers

PMID42528276
PMCPMC13420787

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.