ReviewClinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology2026
A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback for Training of Attention and Related Cognitive Functions.
Review in Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: This meta-analysis investigated the effects of functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (fMRI-NF) on inattention and cognitive dysfunctions. Methods: Using the keywords "fMRI neurofeedback" and "attention," randomized controlled trials were identified from major electronic databases from inception to June 2024. Outcomes were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Five studies including 214 participants (mean age = 16.8 years) were analyzed. The median number of fMRI-NF sessions was four (range: 3-15), and the median follow-up duration was three weeks (range: 1-10 weeks). Stimulation sites included the right inferior frontal gyrus (n = 2), right anterior insular cortex (n = 1), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (n = 1), and an individualized approach (n = 1). The primary analysis showed no significant difference in inattention improvement between the fMRI-NF and control groups (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.49, Conclusion: Given the limited evidence available to date, current evidence remains insufficient to draw robust conclusions regarding the therapeutic effectiveness of fMRI-NF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.