ArticleClinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology2026
Comparisons of Virtual Reality-based vs. Conventional Biofeedback for Panic Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Study.
Article in Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Virtual reality (VR)-based biofeedback (BF) is being studied as a new type of treatment in the field of psychiatry. We explored the potential of VR-based BF on panic symptoms. Methods: Participants who scored ≥ 10 on Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or ≥ 9 on Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) were grouped as participants with depressive or anxiety symptoms (DAS), and were randomly distributed into two intervention groups: the VR-based BF (DAS/VR group) and the conventional BF with a therapist (DAS/BF group). Those who did not meet the criteria were classified as the healthy control group and received the VR-based BF intervention (VR group). The interventions were administered three times over the course of one month. A total of 116 participants were analyzed. Results: The DAS/VR group and DAS/BF group showed a significant decrease in PDSS, indicating that both VR-based BF and conventional BF significantly decreased panic symptoms in individuals with DAS. The mean reduction of PDSS total score for the DAS/VR group was 1.51 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.28), and for the DAS/BF group it was 1.11 (SD = 2.31). However, agoraphobic fear and avoidance ( Conclusion: VR-based BF was effective in decreasing panic symptoms. Notably, it showed a significant reduction in agoraphobic fear and avoidance, whereas conventional BF did not.
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